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Model is a figure made in clay or wax which is then reproduced in more durable materials (Oxford dictionary)

Communication is a simply the act of transferring information from one place to another.

Model of communication is the transmission of information which is representation of the real objects drawn in diagrammatic form (Isac, 2004).

Background of Schramm

Wilbur Lang Schramm (August 5, 1907 – December 27, 1987) is sometimes called the "father of communication studies," and had a great influence on the development of communication research in the United States, and the establishing of departments of communication studies in U.S. universities.

Schramm was born in Marietta, Ohio.

In 1947-1955, Schramm was Founding Director and Research Professor

THIS IS SCHRAMM’S MODEL

 Schramm identified two basic processes of communication: encoding and decoding. Encoding is what a source does when “creating a message, adapting it to the receiver, and transmitting it across some source-selected channel.

When you are at home preparing your speech or standing in front of your classroom talking to your peers, you are participating in the encoding process

The second major process is the decoding process, or “sensing (for example, hearing or seeing) a source’s message, interpreting the source’s message, evaluating the source’s message, and responding to the source’s message.”

The last part of decoding is “responding to a source’s message,” when the receiver encodes a message to send to the source. When a receiver sends a message back to a source, we call this process feedback.

The model has three stages:

i. First stage is one way.

This emphasis on encoding process and source without recognition for noise.

ii. Second stage is two way.

This emphasis shifted to the shared domain of experience of the sender and receiver

. Third stage is feedback.

 Now let’s show how it appropriate in classroom context.

Message is topic of the lesson.

Incorder.Teacher and sometime change to be students.

Interpreter and decoder are students and sometime change to be a teacher.

This model is circle (un linear).

In addition it is appropriate as:-

·        It helps to get feedback immediately in the classroom.

·        It allows teacher and students to the use of previous knowledge.

·        It helps to arrange topics and materials before teaching.

·        It helps teacher to choose appropriate style of teaching.

·        It encourages teaching topics in the most attractive manner.

·        It allows interactions among students with their teacher in the classroom during the lesson.

After finish the schram’s model lets us show how noise can occur in the classroom context. The term noise can be defined as;

Noise is anything that interferes with the sending or receiving of the message (Farlex, 2012).Or

Noise is any disturbance that interferes with or distorts transmission of the message

  The following are situations where noise can occur in classroom context.

 During discussion: This comes from earnest discussion, movement as collaborative groups or this happen when students and teacher are engaged in learning together

 The uses of foreign language or complex words during teaching process: This occurs when teacher teach by using foreign language .Here noise occur because the students not understand that kind of language .For example, the using of English and Arabic language during the lesson

 Lack of proper preparation of teaching aids: Also noise can occur if the resources used by teacher during teaching process are either not interested, small size or not relevant to the lesson as well as the level of the learners.

Fatigue: This means that when a teacher teaches  the lesson  when he/she become tired, this situation make he/she to teach not very well. For this reason the students will never reach the objectives. On other hand, when students become tired, also they will not learn affectively.

 Large numbers of students in the class. This situation will be occurring when one class contains large number of the students and teacher does not manage the class, so the students will not understand or hearing the lesson during the teaching and learning process.

WAYS TO MINIMIZE NOISE IN THE CLASSROOM CONTEXT

§  Teacher should ensure that he/she prepare proper teaching aids which interest the learner’s lesson.

§   The teacher should understands and accept the cultural variations in individual and group.

§  Teacher should use the classroom management skills before and during the lesson process.

§  The government should encourage/emphasize the use of national language which will understand by all students. For example use Kiswahili language.

§  The government should increase the number of classrooms in all country in order to minimize the large number of students in one class.

§  The teachers should understand the special needs of their student’s in the classroom situation like blinds.

References

Schramm, W. (1954), How communication work.Urbana.University of Illinos Press.

Naule, U. (2006).Communication model. New Delhi. Atlantic.